![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/simmental_Yeti\u015ftiricil\u011fi.jpg\")
\nT\u00fcrkiye Dam\u0131zl\u0131k S\u0131\u011f\u0131r Yeti\u015ftiricileri Merkez Birli\u011fi simmental s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rk\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ile ilgili olarak uluslar aras\u0131 alanda i\u015fbirli\u011fi olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla 22 Eyl\u00fcl 2012 tarihinde D\u00fcnya Simmental-Fleckvieh Federasyonu’na \u00fcye olmu\u015ftur.
\nUluslar aras\u0131 \u00fcyeli\u011fin ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, D\u00fcnya Simmental-Fleckvieh Federasyonu’nun 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek Konferans\u0131’n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iki y\u0131ld\u0131r Merkez Birli\u011fi’nin y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu adayl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 neticesini vermi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede s\u00f6z konusu D\u00fcnya Simmental-Fleckvieh Federasyonunun Konferans\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl 2017 ay\u0131nda \u0130zmir ilinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi oy birli\u011fi ile kabul edilmi\u015ftir.
\nD\u00fcnya Simmental-Fleckvieh Federasyonu’nun 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi Konferansa \u0130zmir \u0130limizin ev sahipli\u011fi yapacak olmas\u0131, \u00fclkemizdeki simmental yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrkiye’nin turistik a\u00e7\u0131dan uluslararas\u0131 alanda tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/simmental_d\u00fcve.png\")
<\/p>\n
Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental (Simmental \u0131rk\u0131) Irk\u0131n\u0131n K\u00f6keni Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel yeti\u015ftiricilik hedefleri Di\u011fer taraftan \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir melez olan Simental \u00a0Yeti\u015ftiricilik Paneli \u0130zmir\u2019de Yap\u0131ld\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Simental Yeti\u015ftiricil\u011fi Paneli\u2019ne Vali Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 H\u00fcseyin \u0130\u00e7ten, G\u0131da Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u011f\u0131 Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Dr. \u0130brahim \u00d6zcan, Tar\u0131m Reformu Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcn, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversitelerden gelen \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri, Birlik Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, Avusturya Simental \u00dcreticileri Birli\u011fi temsilcileri, Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u015fletme sahipleri kat\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye Dam\u0131zl\u0131k S\u0131\u011f\u0131r … Okumaya devam et “Simental Yeti\u015ftiricil\u011fi”<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[186,188,206,187,185,91,48,113,340,15],"class_list":["post-840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sut","tag-damizlik-sigir","tag-fleckvieh","tag-inek-hastalik","tag-simental","tag-simmental","tag-sut-ciftligi","tag-sut-inegi","tag-sut-uretimi","tag-tel-peyniri","tag-yagli-sut"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=840"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":847,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/840\/revisions\/847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131, ismini kaynak b\u00f6lgesi olan bat\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin
\nBernese Oberland’\u0131nda Simmental \u0131rk\u0131me Irma\u011f\u0131 vadisinden alan
\n\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rk\u0131d\u0131r. Almancada Thal ya da Tal
\nkelimesinin vadi anlam\u0131na gelmesinden dolay\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n
\nkelime anlam\u0131 \u201cSimmental \u0131rk\u0131me Vadisi\u201d dir. Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131,
\nd\u00fcnyadaki s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n en eskilerinden ve en fazla
\nyay\u0131lanlar\u0131ndan birisidir. Kombine verimli
\n(et+s\u00fct+\u00e7eki g\u00fcc\u00fc) bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rk\u0131 olan Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 ilk olarak
\n\u0130svi\u00e7re’de geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131na ait ilk s\u00fcr\u00fc defteri
\n1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, ilk birlik ise \u201cK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve
\nBeyaz Alaca Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental S\u0131\u011f\u0131r Birli\u011fi\u201d ad\u0131yla 1890’da
\n\u0130svi\u00e7re’de kurulmu\u015ftur. Ancak Bat\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re’de \u00e7ok daha
\n\u00f6nceye ait kilise ve kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n
\nkay\u0131tlar\u0131nda iri, verimli, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve beyaz renkli s\u0131\u011f\u0131r
\noldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131tlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131
\nve beyaz hayvanlar \u201cg\u00f6sterdikleri h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fme,
\ndikkati \u00e7eken s\u00fct, tereya\u011f\u0131, peynir \u00fcretimi ve \u00e7eki
\nhayvan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan\u201d dolay\u0131 hep istenen
\nhayvanlar olmu\u015flard\u0131r (Anonim, 2015a).
\nD\u00fcnya’da Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n adaptasyon yetene\u011finin y\u00fcksek
\nolu\u015fu d\u00fcnya genelinde s\u0131\u011f\u0131r pazarlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir
\netkiye sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Planl\u0131 melezlemeler
\naras\u0131nda uysall\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dikkati \u00e7eken \u00f6zellikler
\naras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131sal olarak d\u00fcnyada SiyahAlacadan
\nsonra ikinci en fazla yeti\u015ftirilen \u0131rk oldu\u011fu
\nkabul edilirken, d\u00fcnyada yakla\u015f\u0131k 42 milyon ba\u015f Simmental \u0131rk\u0131
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ve \u0131rk i\u00e7i varyasyonu bu kadar geni\u015f
\nolan bir ba\u015fka \u0131rk\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir
\n(Anonim, 2015a).<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/simmental_inek.jpg\")
\ndo\u011frultusunda farkl\u0131 iSimmental \u0131rk\u0131lerle adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve birka\u00e7
\n\u00fcnl\u00fc Avrupa \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunda pay sahibi olmu\u015ftur.
\nAlmanya, Avusturya, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve bir\u00e7ok Avrupa
\n\u00fclkesinde “Fleckvieh”, Fransa’da “Pie Rouge”,
\n“Montbeliard” ve “Abondance”, \u0130talya’da “Pezzata
\nRossa” gibi iSimmental \u0131rk\u0131lerle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130talyan Pezzata
\nRossa ve bir Frans\u0131z s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0131rk\u0131 Montb\u00e9liarde (MB),
\nAvrupa Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental Federasyonu’nun \u00fcyesiyken,
\nWSFF’nin \u00fcyesi olarak kabul edilmemektedirler
\n(Anonim, 2015a).
\nFransa’n\u0131n daha dolgun ve kasl\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 Pie Rouge,
\net \u00fcretimi amac\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilirken, MB s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n
\ns\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck potansiyeli y\u00fcksektir. Abondance s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 ise
\ndi\u011fer varyetelerine g\u00f6re daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u0130talyanlar ise k\u0131rsal alanlarda yeti\u015ftirdikleri \u201cg\u00fcl renkli
\npara\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen ve Peseta Rosa olarak bilinen
\nkendi Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir (Anonim,
\n2015b).
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 ABD’ye 19. yy’nin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru
\ng\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ancak yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi 1960’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n
\nsonuna do\u011fru \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerika Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental
\nBirli\u011fi (ASB) 1968’in Ekim ay\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Simmental \u0131rk\u0131
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 \u0130ngiltere, \u0130rlanda ve Norve\u00e7’e 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00e7ok
\nk\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra da \u0130sve\u00e7 ve di\u011fer Kuzey Avrupa
\n\u00fclkelerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD ilk saf Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 bo\u011fas\u0131n\u0131
\n1971’de ithal etmi\u015fken, Avustralya 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Simmental \u0131rk\u0131
\nspermas\u0131 ve canl\u0131 hayvan d\u0131\u015fal\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\nD\u00fcnya Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental Federasyonu ise 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nkurulmu\u015f, 1976’da Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti’ne
\nde g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nNamibya’ya 1893, G\u00fcney Afrika’ya 1905’de
\ng\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 baz\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde de
\nyeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Afrika’da bu \u0131rk
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131mentaler olarak bilinmekte ve buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n
\nemzirilerek yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi sistemlerde s\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti
\n\u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nEski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde en \u00f6nemli s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 oldu\u011fu, yo\u011fun melezlemeyle Ukrayna
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131mentali (Boz \u0131rk s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar x Simmental \u0131rk\u0131), Volga
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131mentali (Merkez Rus Kalmyk ve Kazak s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 x
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131), Ural Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mentali (Sibirya ve Kazak s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 x
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131), Sibirya Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mentali (Sibirya ve Buryat s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 x
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131) ve Uzak Do\u011fu Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mentali (Transbaikal ve
\nYakutani s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 x Simmental \u0131rk\u0131) gibi 5 genotipin geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi
\nbildirilmi\u015ftir (Anonim, 2015a).
\nABD’de Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi
\nAmerika’da s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricileri \u0131rk\u0131n et\u00e7ilik
\n\u00f6zelli\u011fini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaya odaklanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nK\u0131tadaki di\u011fer \u0131rklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman di\u015fi ve
\nerkeklerin erken ya\u015fta e\u015feysel olgunlu\u011fa
\nula\u015fmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u0131rka g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli
\nfayda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca uysall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fckemmel
\na\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 yetene\u011fi ile de \u00fcnlendi\u011fi
\nvurgulanmaktad\u0131r (Anonim, 2015b). Karkas verimi
\n\u00e7ok iyi, karkas derecesi y\u00fcksek olan Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n etinin
\ngevrek ve \u00e7ok lezzetli oldu\u011fu bildirilirken, dayan\u0131kl\u0131
\nolan bu hayvanlar\u0131n iri yap\u0131l\u0131, kolay do\u011fum \u00f6zelli\u011fine
\nsahip, do\u011fum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n
\ny\u00fcksek, ineklerin anal\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerinin iyi ve uzun bir
\nverim d\u00f6nemine sahip olduklar\u0131 vurgulanmaktad\u0131r
\n(Anonim, 2015b).
\nEt \u00fcretimi ile ili\u015fkili olarak di\u011fer s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rklar\u0131 ile
\nyap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli melezlemeler sonucu ABD’de Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik v\u00fccut renkleri olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. ASB
\ntaraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm renkler ve t\u00fcm renk desenleri kabul
\nedilirken, Anguslarla yap\u0131lan melezlemelerden
\nkaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen boynuzsuz s\u00fcr\u00fcler de
\nolu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Irk i\u00e7inde yeti\u015ftiricilerin kendi
\n\u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun olan varyeteyi tercih
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131mental Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin De\u011ferlendirilmesi: 1. D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye’deki Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi
\n98
\nedecekleri \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli genotipler bulundu\u011fu
\nbildirilerek, adaptasyon yetene\u011fi y\u00fcksek ancak
\nevrensel standard\u0131 belirlemesi zor olan bu \u0131rk\u0131n
\nyeti\u015ftiricileri i\u00e7in genetik havuzun azalma riskinin
\nolduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir (Anonim,
\n2015b).
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ABD’deki Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n
\n%80’inin siyah, %20’sinin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 v\u00fccut rengine sahip
\noldu\u011fu, 1980’lerin sonu ve 1990’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda,
\nABD’deki pazar priminden dolay\u0131, siyah ve tek renkli
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u00fcretimine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir y\u00f6neli\u015fin oldu\u011fu ifade
\nedilmektedir. Bug\u00fcn, Kuzey Amerika’daki Simmental \u0131rk\u0131
\n\u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n olarak siyah v\u00fccut renginde, renk geni
\nbak\u0131m\u0131ndan homozigot olduklar\u0131 ve Siyah Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental
\nolarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (Anonim, 2015a;
\n2015b). ASB’nin karkas \u0131slah program\u0131, yem
\nde\u011ferlendirme verileri ve kolay do\u011fum ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131,
\niyi inek \u00f6zellikleriyle birlikte, b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 ve karkas
\nde\u011ferinin kombine edilmesiyle Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde
\nABD’de et end\u00fcstrisinin lideri konumuna ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nbildirilmektedir (Anonim, 2015c).<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/simmental_s\u00fct_inek-1.jpg\")
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131Angus (Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental x Angus)’dan elde edilen
\nyavrularda \u0130ngiliz ve k\u0131ta \u0131rk\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin en
\niyilerinin kombine edildi\u011fi ifade edilerek,
\nperformans\u0131, d\u00f6l verimi, karkas \u00fcr\u00fcn derecesi ve
\nmermerle\u015fmenin bu genotipin y\u00fcksek oranda
\npazarlanmas\u0131nda katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 x Brahman
\n\u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n melezlemesi sonucu elde edilen Simmental \u0131rk\u0131brah’\u0131n
\nise Amerika’da daha \u00e7ok ekstansif olarak \u00fcretim
\nyap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerde yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir
\n(Anonim, 2015b). S\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan \u0131rklar
\ni\u00e7erisinde Simmental \u0131rk\u0131’in bir zenginlik oldu\u011fu belirtilerek,
\nya\u011fs\u0131z etinin gevrekli\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek veriminin besiciler
\ni\u00e7in bir kazan\u00e7 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n melezlemede
\nheterosiz i\u00e7in daha fazla \u0131rkla ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lan
\nm\u00fckemmel bir se\u00e7enek olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi,
\nuysall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin de s\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti end\u00fcstrisinde
\ng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir varl\u0131k olarak korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 ifade
\nedilmektedir (Anonim, 2015b).
\nFleckvieh S\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131: Fleckvieh 1830’lu y\u0131llarda
\n\u0130svi\u00e7re’den ithal edilen Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarla yerli
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n melezlenmesinden Avusturya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu
\nve Bavyera Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131ndan k\u00f6ken alm\u0131\u015f, d\u00fcnya
\ngeneline yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, daha \u00f6nce \u00fc\u00e7 verim y\u00f6nl\u00fc (et, s\u00fct,
\n\u00e7eki g\u00fcc\u00fc) \u015fimdi ise iki verim y\u00f6nl\u00fc (et ve s\u00fct) ve
\nmelezleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan, deri rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131
\nalaca ya da tamamen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olan bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r
\n(Anonim, 2015c). Avusturya, Bel\u00e7ika, Almanya,
\nHollanda ve \u0130spanya gibi bir\u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesi ile
\n2009’dan bu yana da \u0130svi\u00e7re’de, ayr\u0131ca Paraguay, Peru
\nve Uruguay gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde de
\nyeti\u015ftirildi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bildiri\u015fler bulunmaktad\u0131r
\n(Anonim, 2015c). Fleckvieh s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc tip,
\nkombine ve et\u00e7i tip olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan varyeteleri
\noldu\u011fu (Anonim, 2015c), s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc tipe \u00f6rnek olarak
\n\u0130svi\u00e7re Fleckvieh’i verilebilirken, bu genotipin
\n%55’den fazla K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Holstein ve Frans\u0131z MB kan\u0131
\nta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, orta yap\u0131l\u0131 varyetesinin ekstansif
\nyeti\u015ftiricilikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, iri yap\u0131l\u0131 varyetesinin ise
\n\u201c\u015earole\u201d gibi et\u00e7i \u0131rklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi ifade
\nedilmektedir (Anonim, 2015c).
\nMontb\u00e9liarde (MB) S\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131: MB s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n
\nkaynak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, Jura da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek platosunda
\nFrans\u0131z-Comte b\u00f6lgesidir. MB s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 Fransa’n\u0131n
\nMontbeliard B\u00f6lgesi’nin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve alaca s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rk\u0131d\u0131r.
\nK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alaca, beyaz ba\u015fl\u0131, k\u0131sa boynuzlu ve s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc tipte
\nolan bu hayvanlar\u0131n s\u00fctlerinde Kappa Kazein B
\nvaryant\u0131 frekans\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u00fct
\n\u00fcretim ama\u00e7l\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de gravyer peyniri (Comte tip)
\n\u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fclerin bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6zel
\nolarak kaba yem a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 rasyonlarla beslendikleri
\nbelirtilmektedir (Anonim, 2015d; 2015e).
\nMontbeliarde ad\u0131n\u0131n ilk olarak 1872 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir grup
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n da sergilendi\u011fi Langres tar\u0131msal yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda
\nkullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0131rk olarak tescil edildi\u011fi
\n(Okan ve ark., 1998; Anonim, 2015f) ve s\u00fcr\u00fc
\ndefterinin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu bildirilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu
\n\u0131rk\u0131n 1980’den bu yana, kaba yemi iyi de\u011ferlendirmek
\ni\u00e7in seleksiyona tabi tutuldu\u011fu bilinmektedir
\n(Anonim, 2015d; 2015e). MB s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 esas olarak s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc
\nbir \u0131rkt\u0131r, ancak SA’dan daha iyi et\u00e7ilik \u00f6zelliklerine
\nsahip oldu\u011fu, Fransa’da ergin \u00e7a\u011f laktasyon veriminin
\n%3.9 ya\u011f ve %3.45 proteine sahip yakla\u015f\u0131k 7,500 litre
\ns\u00fct verdi\u011fi, bu \u0131rk\u0131n ineklerinin SA’dan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u00fct
\nverimine sahip olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, verimli \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin
\ndaha uzun, d\u00f6l verimlerinin daha iyi, mastitisin
\nbelirtisi olan somatik h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131 (SHS)’n\u0131n daha
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu bildirilirken, s\u00fcr\u00fcden ay\u0131klanan inekler
\nve erkek buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n SA’dan daha y\u00fcksek fiyata
\nsat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, SA’n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcresini ve d\u00f6l verimini
\niyile\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla melezleme i\u00e7in pop\u00fcler
\nolduklar\u0131 vurgulanmaktad\u0131r (Anonim, 2015d; 2015e).
\nIrk\u0131n ayr\u0131ca dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve sert iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na iyi
\nuyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131caktan etkilenmedi\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek
\noranda kaba yem t\u00fcketti\u011fi de ifade edilmektedir
\n(Anonim, 2015d; 2015e). ABD ve Kanada’da MB ve
\nSA melezlemesinin olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler, melezlerin ise
\nher bir saf \u0131rka g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok avantaj\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve
\n\u00f6zellikle saf SA’ya g\u00f6re d\u00f6l verimi, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck ve
\ndo\u011fum kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden s\u00f6z
\nedilmektedir (Anonim, 2015d, 2015e; 2015f; 2015g,
\n2015h). T\u00fcrkiye’ye ilk olarak 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’dan
\ngetirilen MB \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar Ayd\u0131n ve Denizli illeri ve
\n\u00e7evresindeki baz\u0131 i\u015fletmelerde genellikle SA ile
\nbirlikte yeti\u015ftirilmekte, s\u00fct verimi birlikte yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi
\nSA’dan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00fctteki SHS’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck,
\ns\u00fct kuru madde oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi gibi SA \u0131rk\u0131na g\u00f6re
\nbaz\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri bulunmaktad\u0131r (Okan ve ark., 1998;
\nKo\u00e7, 2007; 2011).
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 Irk\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi
\nCumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fundan sonra T\u00fcrkiye’de
\nyap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda yerli \u0131rklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6nemli
\nverimler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan genetik kapasitelerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck
\noldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f, i\u015fletme ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile genotiplerin
\n\u201cuyumlu\u201d bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 belirtilerek,
\ni\u015fletmelerde hayvanlara sa\u011flanan \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n
\nKo\u00e7
\n99
\nda yetersiz oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir (Akman ve ark.,
\n1990). Ancak \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak
\ni\u00e7in \u00fcretimi art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimler hayvanlara
\nsa\u011flanan \u00e7evre ve bu \u00e7evrede yeti\u015ftirilecek
\ngenotiplerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nerilerinin ortaya
\nat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, yerli \u0131rklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimli
\nolmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fclke s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131nda
\nmelezleme yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011fu
\nvurgulanarak, melezlemedeki ba\u015far\u0131da \u0131slah edici
\n\u0131rk\u0131n do\u011fru se\u00e7ilmesi ve etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine
\nde\u011finilmi\u015ftir (Akman, 1985). Bu anlamda devreye
\nsokulan uygulamalardan birisinin verimi y\u00fcksek
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rklar\u0131ndan faydalanmak oldu\u011fu ve bu ama\u00e7la
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rk\u0131 ithalat\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nT\u00fcrkiye, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk s\u0131\u011f\u0131r d\u0131\u015fal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve uzun s\u00fcre Esmer \u0131rk\u0131 \u00fczerinde
\ndurmu\u015fken, 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda SA, Jersey, Aberdeen-Angus
\nve Hereford \u0131rklar\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, daha sonra 1970’li
\ny\u0131llarda bu \u0131rklara Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 da eklenmi\u015ftir (Akman ve
\nark., 1990).
\nBat\u0131 Anadolu’daki yerli s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n verimlerini
\nart\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla, Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 kullan\u0131larak
\nMacaristan’da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f Bonihad s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n 1925
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda Karacabey Haras\u0131na getirildi\u011fi (Alpan, 1990;
\nS\u00f6nmez ve ark., 2007), daha sonra, devlet yeti\u015ftirme
\nkurumlar\u0131nda deneme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nAlmanya’dan bir miktar Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n ithal edildi\u011fi
\n(Alpan, 1990), ayr\u0131ca Karadeniz ve Kuzeydo\u011fu
\nAnadolu Kalk\u0131nma Programlar\u0131nda bu \u0131rk\u0131n
\nyayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da planland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir
\n(\u015eekerden ve \u00d6zk\u00fct\u00fck, 1995).
\n\u0130yi bir et-s\u00fct \u0131rk\u0131 olarak bilinen ve Almanya’dan
\ngetirilen Simmental \u0131rk\u0131mental (Fleckvieh)’in performans\u0131n\u0131n
\nKaracabey Haras\u0131nda tatmin edici bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mu\u015f
\nAlpaslan Tar\u0131m \u0130\u015fletmesi’nde \u00e7\u0131kan bruselladan
\n\u00f6nemli derecede zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ancak Menemen Zirai
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat
\nFak\u00fcltesi ile Kars \u00c7ay\u0131r-Mera ve Zootekni Ara\u015ft\u0131rma
\nEnstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi
\n(S\u00f6nmez ve ark., 2007), ayr\u0131ca yeti\u015ftiriciler taraf\u0131ndan
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rerek y\u00f6redeki yerli s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131nda
\nEsmer \u0131rka tercih edilebilece\u011fi bildirilmektedir
\n(D\u00fczg\u00fcne\u015f, 1977 ve 1986’ya atfen S\u00f6nmez ve ark.,
\n2007).
\nKaracabey ko\u015fullar\u0131nda Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fct
\nveriminin 2,620 kg gibi g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bulunmas\u0131ndan
\ndolay\u0131 SA ve Esmer \u0131rk\u0131 kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n(Kumlu, 2008) ve T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131nda bu
\n\u0131rka yer vermenin zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, b\u00fct\u00fcn
\nb\u00f6lgelerde Esmer ve SA \u0131rklar\u0131yla melezleme
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir (Alpan, 1976’ya atfen Akman,
\n1985). Di\u011fer taraftan, Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nin daha
\nsert iklime ve da\u011fl\u0131k yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131
\nb\u00f6lgede Esmer ve Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n daha etkin olduklar\u0131,
\nKuzeydo\u011fu Tar\u0131msal B\u00f6lgesi’nde Esmer ve
\nmelezlerinin yan\u0131nda b\u00f6lge s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131nda
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131na mutlaka yer verilmesi gerekti\u011fi
\nvurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Akman, 1985).
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 k\u00f6kenli s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki
\nyeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n
\nyeti\u015ftiricili\u011finden farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermeyen bir anlay\u0131\u015fla
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, bu anlamda T\u00fcrkiye’de i\u015fletme
\nko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun genotipler elde etmek ve baz\u0131
\ni\u015fletmelerde melezlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine, ithalat
\nyoluyla (dam\u0131zl\u0131k bo\u011fa, gebe d\u00fcve ve sperma) k\u00fclt\u00fcr
\n\u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin ve yerli \u0131rklar\u0131n \u00e7evirme
\nmelezlemesiyle k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rk\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin
\n\u00f6zendirildi\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rk\u0131, melez ve yerli \u0131rk genotipleri
\nyeti\u015ftirecek i\u015fletmelerin kendi i\u00e7 dinamiklerini
\nharekete ge\u00e7irecek genotipleri (Akman ve ark., 1990)
\nelde etmede yeterli \u00f6zenin g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi de dile
\ngetirilmi\u015ftir.
\nUygulama kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 i\u015fletme ko\u015fullar\u0131na
\nuygun genotipler elde edebilmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fclkemiz
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131 i\u00e7in melezlemenin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir
\nara\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, melezlemelerin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara
\ndayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclke
\nihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda melezlemelerin
\nkombine \u0131rklarla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00f6nerilerek,
\nmelezlemede kullan\u0131lacak genotiplerin melezlerin
\nyeti\u015ftirilece\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerdeki performanslar\u0131na g\u00f6re
\nse\u00e7iminin \u00f6nemine de\u011finilip, \u00e7evirme melezlemesi
\nniteli\u011finde de\u011fil de yeni \u0131rk ve tipler geli\u015ftirecek
\nnitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmektedir (Akman
\nve ark., 1990).
\nDi\u011fer taraftan \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131 uygun olmayan
\ni\u015fletmelerde k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n
\nbu \u0131rklar\u0131n genetik potansiyellerinden yeterince
\nyararlan\u0131lamamas\u0131 nedeniyle bir \u201cisraf\u0131n\u201d s\u00f6z konusu
\noldu\u011fu vurgulanarak, \u00fclke s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmede
\nmelezleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na gereken \u00f6nem verilmeyerek
\nsaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131
\ng\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve politikalar benimsenmi\u015f (Akman ve ark.,
\n1990), \u00fcreticilerin kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun genotipler
\ngeli\u015ftirmesine olanak tan\u0131yan politikalar\u0131n te\u015fvik
\nedilmesi ve desteklenmesi yerine ne yaz\u0131k ki saf k\u00fclt\u00fcr
\n\u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini te\u015fvik edici politikalar devam
\nettirilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum \u00fcreticileri yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fcretimden
\ndaha fazla gelir elde edece\u011fi ancak yasal olmayan baz\u0131
\ngiri\u015fimlere ba\u015fvurmaya zorlarken, devletin sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f
\noldu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli desteklerden de faydalanaca\u011f\u0131
\nuygulamalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fine son y\u0131llarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen
\ntalep, T\u00fcrkiye’de k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde en fazla
\nyeti\u015ftirilen SA’dan sonra gelen Esmer \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7erek,
\nyeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi en fazla yap\u0131lan ikinci \u0131rk konumuna
\ngelmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, s\u00fct s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne
\n\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve SA \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi
\nMarmara ve Ege B\u00f6lgelerinde bile \u00fcreticiler Dam\u0131zl\u0131k
\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131r Yeti\u015ftiricileri Birliklerinin de arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile
\nAvusturya ve Almanya’dan Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 ithal ederek s\u00fct
\ns\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 i\u015fletmelerinde SA ile birlikte ya da yeni kurulan
\ni\u015fletmelerde yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131
\ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131mental Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin De\u011ferlendirilmesi: 1. D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye’deki Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi
\n100
\nSONU\u00c7
\nGe\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00e7ok eskilere dayanan ve \u0130svi\u00e7re’de \u0131slah
\nedilmi\u015f bir \u0131rk olan Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok
\nb\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek saf yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin yan\u0131nda
\n\u00f6zellikle melezlemede tercih edilen bir \u0131rk olmas\u0131,
\nyeti\u015ftiricilerin kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ve ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun
\n\u00e7ok say\u0131da yeni genotipler geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131
\nsa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fct verimi \u00f6ne
\n\u00e7\u0131kan yeni genotiplerin geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131
\nyapm\u0131\u015fken, ABD’deki \u00fcreticiler gelirlerini art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131
\nuygulamalar olarak Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 et\u00e7i \u0131rklarla
\nmelezleyerek Avrupa’daki \u00f6rneklerinin aksine Siyah
\nSimmental \u0131rk\u0131mental gibi \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik v\u00fccut rengine ve \u00f6zelli\u011fe
\nsahip, et verimi \u00f6ncelikli olan yeni Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 genotipleri
\ngeli\u015ftirdikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu anlamda Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131
\nsahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zellikler yan\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde
\nmelezlemede \u00f6ncelikli olarak tercih edilen bir \u0131rk
\nolmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 evrensel standard\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesi
\nzor ve ayn\u0131 zamanda genetik havuzunun azalma riski
\nen az olan bir \u0131rk olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye’de ise ba\u015fta bat\u0131 illerimiz olmak \u00fczere
\nyayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015ftirilen bir \u0131rk olan SA’n\u0131n d\u00f6l
\nverimi ve hastal\u0131klara dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck
\nolmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda son y\u0131llarda \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct\/yem paritesinin
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et fiyat\u0131n\u0131n da y\u00fcksek seyretmesi,
\n\u00fcreticileri SA yerine alternatif bir \u0131rk olarak Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131na
\ny\u00f6neltti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nD\u00fcnyadaki uygulamalar\u0131n aksine T\u00fcrkiye’de saf
\n\u0131rk yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini destekleyen \u00e7e\u015fitli politikalar
\nnedeniyle Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla saf olarak
\nyeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin tercih edildi\u011fi, bunun sonucu olarak
\nda \u00fcretici ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun yeni genotip(ler)
\ngeli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da olduk\u00e7a
\ns\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. \u0130lk olarak
\ngeli\u015ftirilerek \u0131slah edildi\u011fi \u0130svi\u00e7re’de bile verim
\nyeteneklerini art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalar olarak \u0131rk\u0131n s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc
\nK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-Alacalarla ve MB \u0131rk\u0131 ile melezlendi\u011fi,
\nAlmanya’da s\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc Angler \u0131rk\u0131 ile melezlendi\u011fi,
\nT\u00fcrkiye’de ise \u00fcreticilerin kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun
\ngenotipleri geli\u015ftirmesini ama\u00e7layan melezlemelerin
\ndesteklenmesi yerine saf yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi te\u015fvik edici
\npolitikalar\u0131n benimsendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak,
\nyeti\u015ftiricilerin SA \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131 ile melezleyerek
\nkendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun ve gelirlerini art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131
\nuygulamalara ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 ama devlet
\ndesteklemelerinden da faydalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131
\ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu anlamda, d\u00fcnyadaki uygulamalara
\nbenzer olarak T\u00fcrkiye’de de de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerdeki
\nyeti\u015ftiricilerin ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun genotiplerin
\ngeli\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Simmental \u0131rk\u0131 \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de
\nyeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lan k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0131rk\u0131 ve yerli \u0131rklarla
\nmelezleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi
\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"