{"id":6625,"date":"2026-08-05T03:07:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T03:07:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/listeria-monocytogenes-ve-gida-guvenligi-bilmeniz-gerekenler\/"},"modified":"2026-08-05T03:07:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T03:07:06","slug":"listeria-monocytogenes-ve-gida-guvenligi-bilmeniz-gerekenler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/listeria-monocytogenes-ve-gida-guvenligi-bilmeniz-gerekenler\/","title":{"rendered":"Listeria monocytogenes ve G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Bilmeniz Gerekenler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Listeria monocytogenes nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Listeria monocytogenes, do\u011fada yayg\u0131n olarak bulunan bir bakteridir. Toprakta, suda, bitki art\u0131klar\u0131nda ve hayvan ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak ya\u015fayabilir. Bu nedenle, tarladan i\u015fleme tesisine kadar g\u0131da \u00fcretim zincirinin herhangi bir noktas\u0131nda bula\u015fmas\u0131 (kontaminasyon) m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bakterinin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, so\u011fuk ortamlara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve buzdolab\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (4\u00b0C civar\u0131) dahi, yava\u015f da olsa \u00e7o\u011falabilmesidir. Bu \u00f6zellik, onu di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok g\u0131da kaynakl\u0131 patojenden ay\u0131r\u0131r ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir dikkat gerektirmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir g\u0131dada bakterinin bulunmas\u0131 ile hastal\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Burada \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m yapmak gerekir: <strong>tehlike <\/strong>ile <strong>risk<\/strong> ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Tehlike, bir zarar kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Listeria bakterisinin kendisi bir tehlikedir. Risk ise bu tehlikenin, belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda (bakteri miktar\u0131, g\u0131da t\u00fcr\u00fc, t\u00fcketen ki\u015finin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k durumu gibi) ger\u00e7ek bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fiddetidir. Bir g\u0131dada Listeria\u2019n\u0131n tespit edilmesi tehlikenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bunun ne kadar risk olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ise miktara, g\u0131dan\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve t\u00fcketici grubuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Listeriyozis nedir ve nas\u0131l bula\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Listeria monocytogenes\u2019in neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131\u011fa <strong>listeriyozis<\/strong> denir. Bula\u015fma, bakteri ile kontamine olmu\u015f g\u0131dalar\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesi yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireylerde enfeksiyon \u00e7o\u011fu zaman hafif seyreder ya da hi\u00e7 belirti vermez. Kimi vakalarda ate\u015f, kas a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, yorgunluk ve bazen ishal gibi belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi zay\u0131f olan gruplarda bakteri ba\u011f\u0131rsak d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yay\u0131larak kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na veya sinir sistemine ula\u015fabilir. Bu durumda tablo a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fabilir ve ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ense sertli\u011fi, denge kayb\u0131 ve n\u00f6bet gibi ciddi belirtiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Semptomlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 gecikmeli olabilir; kontamine g\u0131dan\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesinden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015flayabilece\u011fi gibi, baz\u0131 durumlarda birka\u00e7 haftaya kadar da uzayabilir. Bu gecikme, hangi g\u0131dan\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespitini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Hangi ki\u015filer daha y\u00fcksek risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Listeriyozis, toplumun genelinde nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Maruziyet asl\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ama hastalanma oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Riskin belirgin bi\u00e7imde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gruplar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Hamile kad\u0131nlar:<\/strong> Kendileri hafif belirtiler ya\u015fasa bile enfeksiyon bebe\u011fe ge\u00e7ebilir; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fum, erken do\u011fum veya yenido\u011fanda ciddi enfeksiyon tehlikesi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>65 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri ki\u015filer:<\/strong> Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin ya\u015fla birlikte zay\u0131flamas\u0131, invaziv enfeksiyon ve hastaneye yat\u0131\u015f riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer:<\/strong> Kanser tedavisi g\u00f6ren, organ nakli sonras\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7 kullanan, diyabet, kronik karaci\u011fer\/b\u00f6brek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya HIV\/AIDS gibi durumlar\u0131 olan bireyler bu gruba girer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu gruplar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeti\u015fkinlerde ciddi hastal\u0131k nadirdir; ancak bu, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Listeria\u2019ya en \u00e7ok hangi g\u0131dalarda rastlan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Listeria monocytogenes \u00f6zellikle \u015fu g\u0131da kategorileriyle ili\u015fkilendirilir:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Past\u00f6rize edilmemi\u015f s\u00fct ve bu s\u00fctten yap\u0131lan yumu\u015fak peynirler<\/li>\n<li>So\u011fuk t\u00fcketilen haz\u0131r et \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (sosis gibi \u015fark\u00fcteri \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmadan t\u00fcketildi\u011finde)<\/li>\n<li>So\u011fuk f\u00fcme deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve haz\u0131r \u00e7i\u011f\/az i\u015flenmi\u015f deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/li>\n<li>Buzdolab\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre saklanan haz\u0131r salatalar ve baz\u0131 bitkisel filizler<\/li>\n<li>Uygun i\u015flem g\u00f6rmemi\u015f baz\u0131 haz\u0131r yemekler<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ortak nokta, bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin genellikle \u201chaz\u0131r yenilebilir\u201d (yani t\u00fcketiciye ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce ek pi\u015firme gerektirmeyen) ve uzun s\u00fcre so\u011fukta saklanabilen g\u0131dalar olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bakterinin so\u011fukta da yava\u015f\u00e7a \u00e7o\u011falabilmesi, saklama s\u00fcresi uzad\u0131k\u00e7a riskin artabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde risk daha y\u00fcksek<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Risk yaln\u0131zca g\u0131dan\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne de\u011fil, \u00fcretim ve muhafaza ko\u015fullar\u0131na da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kta sat\u0131lan, kayna\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131 belli olmayan s\u00fct ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fctten \u00fcretilen ve yeterli olgunla\u015ft\u0131rma veya g\u00fcvenlik kontrollerinden ge\u00e7meyen peynirlerde risk daha fazlad\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde, uygun hijyen ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00fcretilmeyen veya so\u011fuk zinciri korunmadan ta\u015f\u0131nan ve depolanan haz\u0131r g\u0131dalarda da Listeria \u00e7o\u011falma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselebilir. Bu nedenle t\u00fcketicilerin g\u00fcvenilir \u00fcreticiler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmi\u015f, uygun ko\u015fullarda muhafaza edilen ve izlenebilirli\u011fi bulunan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tercih etmeleri \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>G\u0131dalarda Listeria bulunmas\u0131 her zaman hastal\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelir mi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hay\u0131r. Bir g\u0131dada Listeria monocytogenes\u2019in tespit edilmesi, o g\u0131day\u0131 t\u00fcketen herkesin hastalanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131; bakterinin miktar\u0131na (kolonize edici birim say\u0131s\u0131na), g\u0131dan\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne, saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve en \u00f6nemlisi t\u00fcketen ki\u015finin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k durumuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck miktarlarda bulunan Listeria, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yeti\u015fkin i\u00e7in pratikte anlaml\u0131 bir risk olu\u015fturmayabilirken, ayn\u0131 miktar daha hassas gruptaki bir birey i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olabilir. Bu nedenle d\u00fczenleyici otoriteler, \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r tehlike\u201d yerine bilimsel temelli, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir risk e\u015fikleri belirleyerek sistemi y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sistemlerinde Listeria nas\u0131l kontrol edilir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Modern g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sistemlerinin amac\u0131, riski tamamen \u201cs\u0131f\u0131ra indirmek\u201d de\u011fil (bu, do\u011fada var olan bir bakteri i\u00e7in pratikte m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir), bilimsel olarak kabul edilebilir en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede tutmakt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la \u00fcretim tesislerinde rutin olarak \u015fu uygulamalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>D\u00fczenli numune alma ve laboratuvar analizleri:<\/strong> Hem nihai \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden hem de \u00fcretim ortam\u0131ndan (ekipman y\u00fczeyleri, zemin, drenaj gibi alanlardan) numuneler al\u0131narak analiz edilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7evresel izleme (environmental monitoring):<\/strong> Listeria\u2019n\u0131n tesis i\u00e7inde yerle\u015fik hale gelip gelmedi\u011fini tespit etmek amac\u0131yla \u00fcretim ortam\u0131 periyodik olarak taran\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hijyen uygulamalar\u0131 ve HACCP sistemleri:<\/strong> Kritik kontrol noktalar\u0131nda hijyen kurallar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r, temizlik ve dezenfeksiyon prosed\u00fcrleri belgelenir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma (recall) mekanizmalar\u0131:<\/strong> Bir sapma tespit edildi\u011finde, ilgili \u00fcr\u00fcn piyasadan h\u0131zl\u0131ca geri \u00e7ekilebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu unsurlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri bir \u201cola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem\u201d de\u011fildir; g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi y\u00f6netiminin standart, rutin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r ve s\u00fcrekli i\u015fletilir.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00dcreticiler ve resmi otoriteler Listeria riskini nas\u0131l y\u00f6netir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca \u00fcreticilerin iyi uygulamalar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz. \u00dcreticilerin uymas\u0131 gereken mikrobiyolojik kriterler ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 mevzuatla belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de peynirlerde Listeria monocytogenes kriterleri, T\u00fcrk G\u0131da Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Y\u00f6netmelikte eritme peyniri hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm peynirler i\u00e7in g\u0131da g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi kriteri olarak 5 numuneden olu\u015fan ve hi\u00e7bir numunede Listeria tespitine izin vermeyen (n=5, c=0) bir numune alma plan\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re analiz edilen numunelerin hi\u00e7birinde Listeria tespit edilmemesi gerekir. Herhangi bir numunede bakterinin tespit edilmesi halinde parti \u201cuygun de\u011fil\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ise Listeria monocytogenes i\u00e7in mikrobiyolojik kriterler, 2073\/2005 say\u0131l\u0131 Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re bir \u00fcretici, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn raf \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca Listeria seviyesinin 100 kob\/g (koloni olu\u015fturan birim; 1 gramdaki canl\u0131 bakteri say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder) s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yetkili otoriteye kan\u0131tlayabiliyorsa, bu s\u0131n\u0131r raf \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca esas kriter olarak kabul edilir. Ancak \u00fcretici bu y\u00f6nde kan\u0131t sunam\u0131yorsa, daha kat\u0131 bir kural devreye girer. \u00dcr\u00fcn piyasaya sunulmadan \u00f6nce 25 graml\u0131k numunede Listeria\u2019n\u0131n \u201ctespit edilmemesi\u201d gerekir.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>T\u00fcketiciler, ev ko\u015fullar\u0131nda riski azaltmak i\u00e7in nelere dikkat etmelidir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131 4\u00b0C veya alt\u0131nda, dondurucuyu ise -18\u00b0C\u2019de tutun. Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgili bir \u015f\u00fcpheniz varsa, bir termometre ile kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li>Haz\u0131r yenilebilir g\u0131dalar\u0131 (\u015fark\u00fcteri \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, f\u00fcme bal\u0131k gibi) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede t\u00fcketin. \u00d6zellikle a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra, uzun s\u00fcre buzdolab\u0131nda bekletmeyin.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek risk grubundaysan\u0131z (hamilelik, ileri ya\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bask\u0131lanmas\u0131), past\u00f6rize edilmemi\u015f ve sokak s\u00fct\u00fc gibi kayna\u011f\u0131 belirsiz s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden, \u00e7i\u011f\/az i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli filizlerden ve so\u011fuk t\u00fcketilen f\u00fcme deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. \u015eark\u00fcteri etlerini ve sosisleri \u00fcr\u00fcnden buhar \u00e7\u0131kana kadar \u0131s\u0131tarak t\u00fcketin.<\/li>\n<li>Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli temizleyin, d\u00f6k\u00fclen s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 hemen silin.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7i\u011f g\u0131dalarla temas eden y\u00fczeyleri ve ekipmanlar\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131n, iyice y\u0131kay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Son kullanma\/t\u00fcketim tarihlerine dikkat edin ve geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma duyurular\u0131n\u0131 takip edin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Listeria monocytogenes, \u00e7evrede do\u011fal olarak bulunan ve tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan bir bakteridir. G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hedefi, bilimsel risk de\u011ferlendirmesine dayal\u0131 olarak tehlikeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde tutmak ve t\u00fcketicileri korumakt\u0131r. D\u00fczenli numune alma, laboratuvar analizleri, \u00e7evresel izleme, hijyen uygulamalar\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma mekanizmalar\u0131, bu sistemin rutin ve s\u00fcrekli i\u015fleyen par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sistemlerinde yap\u0131lan rutin analizlerde zaman zaman uygunsuz sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, sistemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil; aksine kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n etkin \u015fekilde i\u015fledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcrk G\u0131da Kodeksi, ilgili \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7in Listeria\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik s\u0131k\u0131 mikrobiyolojik kriterler belirleyerek (25 gramda Listeria bulunmamas\u0131) hem \u00fcreticilere a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar hem de t\u00fcketici sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur. T\u00fcketicilerin bu konudaki en etkili katk\u0131s\u0131 saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131na dikkat etmek, y\u00fcksek risk grubundaysa buna g\u00f6re se\u00e7im yapmak ve resmi kurumlar\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri takip etmektir.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>T.C. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014 T\u00fcrk G\u0131da Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2025\/02\/20250213-1.htm\">https:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2025\/02\/20250213-1.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization (WHO) \u2014 \u201cListeriosis\u201d fact sheet: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/listeriosis\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/listeriosis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) \/ WHO \u2014 Codex Alimentarius, \u201cGuidelines on the Application of General Principles of Food Hygiene to the Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods\u201d (CAC\/GL 61-2007): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/input\/download\/standards\/10740\/CXG_061e.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/input\/download\/standards\/10740\/CXG_061e.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) \u2014 \u201cListeria: Food Safety Risks and EFSA\u2019s Scientific Insights\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/topics\/topic\/listeria\">https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/topics\/topic\/listeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li>European Commission \u2014 Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073\/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs: <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2005\/2073\/oj\/eng\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2005\/2073\/oj\/eng<\/a><\/li>\n<li>U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) \u2014 \u201cListeria (Listeriosis)\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/foodborne-pathogens\/listeria-listeriosis\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/foodborne-pathogens\/listeria-listeriosis<\/a> ve \u201cWhat You Need to Know About Preventing Listeria Infections\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/buy-store-serve-safe-food\/what-you-need-know-about-preventing-listeria-infections\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/buy-store-serve-safe-food\/what-you-need-know-about-preventing-listeria-infections<\/a><\/li>\n<li>U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \u2014 \u201cPeople at Increased Risk for Listeria Infection\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/listeria\/risk-factors\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/listeria\/risk-factors\/index.html<\/a>, \u201cSymptoms of Listeria Infection\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/listeria\/signs-symptoms\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/listeria\/signs-symptoms\/index.html<\/a>, \u201cPreventing Listeria Infection\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/listeria\/prevention\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/listeria\/prevention\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) \/ Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) \u2014 \u201cListeria Questions and Answers\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/food-safety\/foodborne-illness-and-disease\/illnesses-and-pathogens\/listeria\">https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/food-safety\/foodborne-illness-and-disease\/illnesses-and-pathogens\/listeria<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"bawpvc-ajax-counter\" data-id=\"28348\"> (5)<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_28348\" class=\"pvc_stats all\" data-element-id=\"28348\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=\"0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Listeria monocytogenes nedir? Listeria monocytogenes, do\u011fada yayg\u0131n olarak bulunan bir bakteridir. Toprakta, suda, bitki art\u0131klar\u0131nda ve hayvan ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak ya\u015fayabilir. Bu nedenle, tarladan i\u015fleme tesisine kadar g\u0131da \u00fcretim zincirinin herhangi bir noktas\u0131nda bula\u015fmas\u0131 (kontaminasyon) m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bakterinin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, so\u011fuk ortamlara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve buzdolab\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (4\u00b0C civar\u0131) dahi, yava\u015f da olsa &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/listeria-monocytogenes-ve-gida-guvenligi-bilmeniz-gerekenler\/\" class=\"more-link\">Okumaya devam et<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Listeria monocytogenes ve G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi: Bilmeniz Gerekenler&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1271,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[393],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hayvancilik"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1271"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6625\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}