{"id":2074,"date":"2023-08-08T04:25:58","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T04:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/ozbekistan-bankacilik-sektorunu-reforme-ediyor\/"},"modified":"2023-08-08T04:25:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T04:25:58","slug":"ozbekistan-bankacilik-sektorunu-reforme-ediyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/ozbekistan-bankacilik-sektorunu-reforme-ediyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6zbekistan Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc Reforme Ediyor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen reform stratejisi, devlet m\u00fclkiyetinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde reform yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekonomik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Reform Merkezi’nden Khalilulloh Khamidov son 4 y\u0131lda, bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn geli\u015fiminde, esas olarak Eyl\u00fcl 2017’de para politikas\u0131n\u0131n serbestle\u015ftirilmesinden ve ulusal para biriminin serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn geli\u015fme dinamikleri<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn bir geli\u015fme dinami\u011fi olu\u015ftu. 4 ticari banka (Poytakht Bank, Tenge Bank, TBC Bank, Anor Bank), 33 mikro kredi kurulu\u015fu ve 18 rehin ma\u011fazas\u0131 (pawnshop) olmak \u00fczere 55 yeni kredi kurulu\u015fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2017 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re %120 artan ticari bankalar\u0131n aktifleri b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Aktiflerin ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k reel b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi (deval\u00fcasyon hari\u00e7) %24,1 oldu.<\/p>\n

Kredi hacmi de geni\u015fledi. 1 Ocak 2021 itibar\u0131yla toplam kredi hacmi 2017 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re %150 artt\u0131. Kredilerin reel b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama %38,6 oldu. Bireysel kredi hacmi %304, sanayiye verilen kredi hacmi %126, ticaret ve hizmetler sekt\u00f6rlerindeki kredi hacmi ise %280 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde mevduat\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama reel b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 ise %18,5 olmu\u015ftur. 1 Ocak 2021 itibar\u0131yla %24’\u00fc ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin mevduat\u0131, %76’s\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin mevduat\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, hanehalk\u0131 mevduat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 son y\u0131llarda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ulusal para cinsinden ise 2018’de %38,2, 2019’da %45,2, 2020’de %31,7 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. D\u00f6viz cinsinden mevduat hacmi 2018’de %2, 2019’da %40,1, 2020’de %27,7 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz politikas\u0131n\u0131n serbestle\u015ftirilmesi sonucunda bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde dolarizasyon d\u00fczeyi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda bankalar\u0131n d\u00f6viz varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplam aktifler i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 %64 \u200b\u200biken, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu g\u00f6sterge %50,2’ye, kredilerin d\u00f6viz cinsinden pay\u0131 %62,3’ten %49,9’a, mevduat\u0131n yabanc\u0131 para cinsinden pay\u0131 %48,4’ten %43,1’e geriledi.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 sermaye piyasas\u0131na giri\u015f<\/p>\n

\u00d6zbekistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan \u015eubat 2019’da 1 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131ndaki Eurobond’un ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmesinin ard\u0131ndan, birka\u00e7 ticari banka uzun vadeli sermaye art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 piyasaya girdi.<\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m 2019’da Uzpromstroybank, Londra Menkul K\u0131ymetler Borsas\u0131’nda 300 milyon Eurobond tutar\u0131nda Eurobond ihra\u00e7 eden ilk ticari banka oldu. Ekim 2020’de NBU (National Bank of Uzbekistan), Londra Menkul K\u0131ymetler Borsas\u0131’ndan 300 milyon dolar toplad\u0131. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda, Ipoteka Bank ayr\u0131ca 300 milyon dolarl\u0131k Eurobond ihra\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n

Devam eden reformlar sonucunda \u00d6zbekistan finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn artan yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ekicili\u011fi yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130svi\u00e7re \u015firketi ResponsAbility Investments taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ve geli\u015ftirme yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir anonim \u015firket, Hamkorbank’\u0131n %7,66 hissesini IFC’den sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halyk Bank of Kazakistan, Ta\u015fkent’te Tenge Bank’\u0131n bir i\u015ftirakini kurdu. TBC Bank (G\u00fcrcistan), \u00d6zbekistan’daki ilk dijital banka olarak Ta\u015fkent’teki \u015fubesini a\u00e7t\u0131. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, DEG ve Triodos Investment Management, 25 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda yeni ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015f hisse sat\u0131n alarak Ipak Yuli Bank’\u0131n kay\u0131tl\u0131 sermayesine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bankalar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n

\u00d6zbekistan’\u0131n bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki olumlu e\u011filimler son y\u0131llarda g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f olsa da, devletten al\u0131nan fonlar\u0131n devlet ortakl\u0131 ticari bankalardaki pay\u0131 y\u00fcksek kalmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zbekistan’\u0131n bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi y\u00fcksek bir yo\u011funla\u015fma ile karakterize edilir: t\u00fcm banka varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n %84’\u00fc hala devlet hisseli bankalara ve %64’\u00fc 5 devlet bankas\u0131na (National Bank, Asaka Bank, Promstroy Bank, Ipoteka Bank ve Agrobank) aittir. Kamu bankalar\u0131 mevduat\u0131n\u0131n kredilerdeki pay\u0131 %32,9’dur. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in, \u00f6zel bankalarda bu oran yakla\u015f\u0131k %96’d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bireylerin mevduat\u0131, bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemindeki toplam mevduat\u0131n sadece %24’\u00fcn\u00fc, yani GSY\u0130H’n\u0131n %5’ini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kamu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek reformlar\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, devlete ait bankalar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flayan \u00d6zbekistan bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminde reform yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir kararname yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Kararname, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bankalar\u0131n toplam aktifleri i\u00e7inde devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bankalar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n mevcut %15’ten %60’a, bankalar\u0131n \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re olan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin pay\u0131n\u0131n %28’den %70’e, kredi veren banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kredi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131n ise %0,35’ten %4’e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u00d6zellikle Ipoteka Bank, Uzpromstroybank, Asakabank, Aloqabank, Qishloq Qurilish Bank ve Turonbank \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilecek.<\/p>\n

Devlete ait ticari bankalar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik Proje B\u00fcrosu, \u00d6zbekistan Cumhuriyeti Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde kurulmu\u015ftur. Kurulu\u015f, uluslararas\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve uluslararas\u0131 finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve potansiyel yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131larla anla\u015fmalar yapma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Ipoteka Bank’\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesini desteklemek i\u00e7in IFC, 2020’de 35 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir kredi tahsis etti. EBRD, Uzpromstroybank’a \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme, hazine operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve varl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi konular\u0131nda tavsiyelerde bulunuyor. Banka, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmadan kredi i\u015flemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye izin veren arac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetlerini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zbekistan’da \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ile rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma yolunda yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesine aktif olarak katk\u0131da bulunulmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Son olarak, \u00d6zbekistan bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde pandeminin etkisiyle meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri belirtmekte fayda var. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00d6zbekistan’da da salg\u0131n, bankalar\u0131n dijitalle\u015fmeye, uzaktan bankac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine ve m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fvik etti. \u00d6zellikle, 1 Ocak 2021 itibariyle, uzaktan hizmet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re %30 artarak 14,5 milyonu (aralar\u0131nda 13,7 milyonu bireysel, 822 bini ticari i\u015fletme) buldu. Merkez bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dijital bankalar ve \u015fubeler i\u00e7in lisans verilmesi, finans ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin daha fazla dijitalle\u015fmesine de katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.eureporter.co\/world\/uzbekistan\/2021\/10\/15\/uzbekistan-is-reforming-the-banking-sector\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen reform stratejisi, devlet m\u00fclkiyetinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde reform yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekonomik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Reform Merkezi’nden Khalilulloh Khamidov son 4 y\u0131lda, bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn geli\u015fiminde, esas olarak Eyl\u00fcl 2017’de para politikas\u0131n\u0131n serbestle\u015ftirilmesinden ve ulusal para biriminin serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. \u00a0 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn geli\u015fme dinamikleri Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda … Okumaya devam et “\u00d6zbekistan Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc Reforme Ediyor”<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1271,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[393],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hayvancilik"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1271"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2074"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2074\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.sutyo.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}